Gloria Rodríguez Álvarez Desanti and Glorianna
While the Arab struggle for democratic states, Pakistan's blasphemy law claims more lives of religious minorities, and leads the country into a culture of fear and repression. This has led to groups of human rights defenders to make the allegations of the case.
The blasphemy law has its origin in the Penal Code of India during British colonial rule its purpose was to protect places of worship of all religions. In the 80's, the law is changed during the dictatorship of General Zia ul Haq and passed to punish any derogatory comments against the Prophet Muhammad with the death penalty. Christians, Sikhs, Parsis and the minority Hindu Ahdmadi have been victims of false statements in light of this law. Many times that there are conflicts or problems between the business communities.
In November 2010, was sentenced to death for blasphemy the first woman, Bibi Asia. Human Rights Watch said that the social persecution and legal discrimination have been widespread in Punjab against religious minorities. It has a record of more than 38 executions have been documented, including the Punjab Governor Salman Taseer and Federal Minister for Minorities Affairs, Shahbaz Bhatti.
intolerance is growing every day in Pakistani society, and inability to combat eliminate the freedom of expression. In his last interview to the BBC, the Minister Bhatti said "I will be killed, I will be beheaded by the forces of extremism because it is against the law of blasphemy." Bhatti fought to change the law used to settle accounts in the name of religion.
Pakistan People's Party and the opposition Pakistan Muslim League-Nawaz fighting for their own political survival and are unwilling to confront the groups defending the law on blasphemy. These groups operate with impunity. Do not fear anyone. In the absence of a strong and effective legal system, they see no reason to coexist with the groups that have different religious views and political.
Locke points out that civil society should be a balance between natural rights and public order. In this context, the state will not absolute, but must respect these rights are innate. Locke argues that statehood is summarized in the fact that most humans prefer to avoid conflict. That is why, with such live in a stable and peaceful society, are willing to limit some of their rights and accept the supremacy and enforcement actions of government.
is developed and a "social contract." This philosophical figure is not limited to a historical event or a political event. Rather, the "social contract" refers to the phenomenon where the state is playing an active role in society in order to maintain peace and common welfare.
In other words, the State should not only use its punitive powers against those who violate the law, but must run and reform and the measures necessary in each context to maintain the common welfare. No society is static. Are changing. It is for this reason that the state function of ensuring the common good does not respond to an arithmetic equation. Can not be predetermined. A contrario, must answer the social reality and deal with this complex dynamic.
From the philosophical perspective, the state in Pakistan has failed its primary goal, its raison d'etre. He has allowed extremists to move from being participants in the national discourse to be the main voice. At this time are those who drive the discourse.
In conclusion, the state function should not allow that promotes racial or religious hatred, especially not incite acts of violence. In Pakistan, to the governmental failures, the extremist message has taken a position of social prominence. is a voice that has blood on his hands. But the trouble is that this has caused a political reaction. Both the government and the opposition prefer to keep their silence. Essentially not want to lose political points. Are violated and the rights of religious minorities and the State ceased to be the guarantor of the social contract.
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